World Teachers' Day in Afghanistan was marked without the usual grandeur of previous years due to the changes in the educational institutions following the Taliban's takeover in August. The uncertain future of female students and teachers, along with the broader professional uncertainty for educators, were cited as reasons for the difference. The Taliban's education minister, Nurullah Munir, claimed in an interview that Sharia does not prohibit women's education and that the Taliban are not opposed to it. Critics, however, point to the appointment of Mohammad Ashraf Ghairat, with only a bachelor's degree, as head of Kabul University as indicative of the regime's disregard for education. Former education minister Mirovais Balkhi criticized ideological statements against teachers as unjust. Despite the challenges, the acting minister of education praised teachers' dedication. The article reflects widespread criticism of the Taliban's approach to education and the impact on the country's educational progress over the past 20 years.

Afghanistan's political system has undergone various changes throughout its history, experiencing ten different constitutions since the first one was enacted 99 years ago. With the Taliban's return to power on August 15, the political system shifted from an Islamic Republic to a temporary Islamic Emirate. Taliban officials consider their current government temporary and have deferred decisions on the type of system to be established. Abdul Hakim Sharia, the Taliban's acting Minister of Justice, recently stated that the constitution from the era of King Zahir Shah would be temporarily implemented with some changes. Experts discuss whether this constitution, known as the constitutional monarchy, is suitable for today's Afghanistan and compare it to the 2004 constitution, highlighting differences in citizen rights, religious freedoms, and administrative systems.

The article discusses the uncertainty surrounding the independence of the judiciary system in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime. Previously, Afghanistan's judiciary was an independent pillar alongside the executive and legislative branches. However, since the Taliban's takeover, there has been little information on the fate of the judiciary. The Taliban appointed Mawlawi Noorullah Munir as the head of the Supreme Court, but later he was announced as the acting Minister of Education. The article highlights concerns about the handling of legal cases and crimes, with former high-ranking officials expressing doubts about the Taliban's adherence to legal procedures and the use of violence and torture. The Taliban have also released prisoners, posing a threat to prosecutors, defense lawyers, and judges. The article also touches on the application of the Hanafi jurisprudence and the handling of personal status law for the Shia population in Afghanistan.

Afghanistan's diplomatic missions abroad are operating autonomously following the Taliban's rise to power, with the former government's ambassador in Tajikistan, Mohammad Zahir Aghbar, stating they do not recognize the Taliban regime. Despite the Taliban's control of Afghan territory, diplomatic services such as passport issuance and legal certifications continue, albeit with financial difficulties. The international community has not recognized the Taliban government, which has set preconditions such as respect for human rights and an inclusive cabinet for recognition. The situation of Afghan embassies remains uncertain, with some diplomats seeking asylum in European countries.

Afghanistan, heavily reliant on imported electricity from neighboring countries Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, faces challenges in securing energy due to frozen assets and halted international aid. The Taliban's unrecognized government complicates contract renewals with these countries. Safiullah Ahmadzai, head of Afghanistan's national power company DABS, remains optimistic about maintaining friendly relations and continuing energy contracts. Funding uncertainties from international financiers like the World Bank, ADB, and USAID persist, with no official stance on continued support. Iran, facing its own power shortages, has minimized electricity exports to Afghanistan. Urban electricity distribution projects in Afghanistan are suspended, and the future of the CASA-1000 project, a major regional power transmission initiative, is uncertain without international financial assistance.

Since the fall of the Republic and the rise of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, managing the country's economic cycle has become a major concern alongside human rights issues. Previously, Afghanistan's budget was largely supported by international aid, especially from the United States. Ghulam Isaczai, the former Afghan government's representative to the United Nations, has called for intensified sanctions against the Taliban, accusing them of potential war crimes in Panjshir. Economic sanctions could harm the Afghan people, 52% of whom live in absolute poverty according to a 2019 report. The Taliban government's cessation of development programs and international trade restrictions will likely lead to increased unemployment, reduced income, and market stagnation. Simultaneously, the U.S. has frozen approximately $9.5 billion of the Afghan central bank's assets and halted cash shipments, limiting access to dollars, devaluing the Afghan currency, and increasing food prices, further impacting the poor. The Taliban's annual revenue is estimated at $1.6 billion, primarily from criminal activities, but running a country on such funds seems impractical. With international financial aid cut off, about 18.4 million Afghans now require humanitarian aid.

Following the Taliban's rise to power and the fall of the Republic in Afghanistan, concerns have emerged over the future, values, and achievements of the past two decades. Despite Taliban spokespersons emphasizing an inclusive future government, the list of officials revealed a mono-ethnic, mono-party, and mono-gender composition, excluding women and consisting solely of Taliban members. Fourteen of the thirty-three government members are on the UN Security Council's terrorist blacklist, and some have been imprisoned in Guantanamo Bay. The Haqqani Network, part of the Taliban responsible for numerous terrorist attacks, is prominently included. Human rights activists, political figures, journalists, and social media users have expressed their concerns. Protests against the Taliban have been met with suppression. The international community's recognition of the Taliban government remains uncertain, with the EU setting conditions for political relations and countries like China, Pakistan, Qatar, and Turkey potentially establishing ties first. Afghanistan's economic situation is dire, with access to IMF reserves blocked and $9.5 billion of central bank assets frozen. Prominent Afghan figures criticize the government's lack of inclusivity and expertise, while the Taliban claim the interim government is meant to address immediate governance needs. The international community's pressure and internal demands for legitimacy and inclusivity pose significant challenges for the Taliban.