Canada has imposed sanctions on eight Chinese officials over alleged human rights violations in Xinjiang and Tibet, targeting figures like Chen Quanguo and Wu Yingjie. The sanctions include asset freezes and restrictions on financial services. This move follows strained Canada-China relations, exacerbated by past diplomatic incidents involving Huawei's Meng Wanzhou. The United States, UK, and EU have also sanctioned China over similar allegations.

With the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad by Islamist-led rebels, European leaders Olaf Scholz and Emmanuel Macron are ready to engage with Syria's new rulers under conditions of human rights and minority protection. The EU's largest powers are recalibrating their approach to Syria, aiming to strengthen engagement and support an inclusive political process. The Biden administration is also reaching out to Middle Eastern partners for informal diplomacy with the new regime. The situation involves complex geopolitical dynamics, with the rebel group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, designated a terrorist organization, playing a significant role.

France's far-right National Rally, led by Marine Le Pen, faced a setback after losing a key by-election in the Ardennes, following their role in ousting former Prime Minister Michel Barnier's government. The by-election was won by independent candidate Lionel Vuibert, who is aligned with President Emmanuel Macron's centrist coalition. The loss highlights the challenges Le Pen faces in maintaining influence, especially as she seeks moderate conservative support for a potential presidential run in 2027. Meanwhile, Macron is in discussions to appoint a new prime minister, with the Socialist Party emerging as potential kingmakers in the new government formation.

In 2024, global elections saw a trend of incumbents losing power amidst economic uncertainty and geopolitical tensions. However, India defied this trend with Prime Minister Narendra Modi securing a third term, albeit with a reduced majority. Other notable elections included Taiwan's pro-independence victory, Donald Trump's return to power in the U.S., and significant political shifts in countries like Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The year also highlighted the growing influence of digital platforms and AI in shaping political landscapes, contributing to polarization and disinformation.

India's External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar addressed the Rajya Sabha, highlighting the abnormal state of India-China relations since 2020 due to border disturbances. He outlined a timeline of events from the Galwan clashes to recent diplomatic engagements aimed at restoring normalcy. Key developments include multiple disengagement agreements, high-level meetings, and improvements in Indian defense infrastructure. The focus is now on de-escalation and rebuilding broader bilateral ties while prioritizing national security interests.

Former Israeli Defence Minister Moshe Yaalon has accused the Israeli government of committing war crimes and ethnic cleansing in Gaza, sparking controversy and condemnation from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's allies. Yaalon, a former military chief, criticized the government's military operations and annexation policies, warning of their destructive path. His remarks highlight divisions within Israeli society and come amid growing scrutiny of Israel's actions in Gaza.

Gerard Hutch, a controversial figure linked to a prominent Irish crime family, narrowly missed securing a seat in Ireland's parliament, finishing fifth in the Dublin Central constituency. Despite strong support in economically deprived areas, a late surge by Labour Party candidate Marie Sherlock edged him out. Hutch, who has faced legal scrutiny and was arrested in Spain for money laundering, campaigned to address neglect in his community. His strong showing was seen as a protest vote against housing and healthcare crises. Hutch denies being a crime gang leader, despite past convictions and ongoing tensions with the Kinahan crime group.

The British Parliament has given initial approval to the 'Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life)' bill, allowing mentally competent, terminally ill adults in England and Wales to choose assisted dying under strict safeguards. The bill, introduced by Labour MP Kim Leadbeater, passed with 330 votes in favor and 275 against, sparking a national debate. Supporters argue it upholds patient dignity, while opponents fear it could pressure vulnerable individuals. The bill includes stringent safeguards and has ignited discussions among politicians, faith leaders, and the public. Prime Minister Keir Starmer supports the bill, while Foreign Minister David Lammy opposes it. The legislation marks a significant step in redefining Britain's approach to end-of-life care.

Bangladesh faces political turmoil as students demand the removal of President Mohammed Shahabuddin, accusing him of not seeing Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's resignation letter. The Anti-discrimination Student Movement leads protests, while the Bangladesh Nationalist Party warns against removing the president, fearing political instability. Ambassador Riva Ganguly Das highlights the constitutional ambiguities and the controversial release of convicted terrorists by the interim Yunus administration. The situation remains complex, with legal and political challenges looming.

The political landscape in Bangladesh is fraught with tension following Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's sudden departure to India, which has been interpreted by some as a symbolic resignation. The interim administration led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus faces legitimacy challenges due to the absence of a formal resignation letter from Hasina. President Mohammed Shahabuddin's role is pivotal, as his reluctance to confirm Hasina's resignation exacerbates the crisis. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party and other opposition groups are wary of removing Shahabuddin without a clear legal mandate, fearing it could undermine democratic principles. The situation is further complicated by regional dynamics, with India maintaining a cautious stance due to its strategic interests, while other powers like Pakistan are suspected of influencing opposition factions. The missing resignation letter symbolizes the broader issues of constitutional legitimacy and the potential for authoritarian overreach in Bangladesh.