The study explores the impact of l-Asn, a zwitterionic additive, on the performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells (PvSCs). Incorporating l-Asn into tin perovskite films enhances film uniformity, photoelectronic properties, and resistance to degradation. The additive effectively passivates defects, improves crystallinity, and reduces charge recombination, leading to enhanced photovoltaic efficiency. The research demonstrates that l-Asn improves the morphology and stability of tin perovskites, resulting in higher power conversion efficiency and better operational stability. The findings are supported by various analytical techniques, including FTIR, XPS, SEM, and DFT calculations, highlighting the potential of l-Asn in advancing tin-based PvSC technology.

Researchers, including Hyungjun Kim and Ki-Ha Hong, have developed a defect-passivation strategy using L-asparagine to enhance the performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells. This approach effectively suppresses tin oxidation, improving film morphology and energy-level matching, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 13.31%. The study provides transformative insights and practical strategies for advancing tin-based perovskite electronic devices, addressing the instability issues associated with tin halide perovskites.

The study investigates the association of various factors with hypocalcemia in patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to chronic viral hepatitis. Conducted at Nishtar Medical University and Hospital in Multan over six months, the study involved 176 patients. Key findings include a high prevalence of hypocalcemia (86.4%) among the patients, with significant associations found between hypocalcemia and factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, obesity, disease duration, treatment status, and viral type. No significant relation was found between hypocalcemia and age or residential status.

Imran Khan's political actions, including his statement of 'Absolutely not' to Jonathan Swan and his attempt to prevent the IMF from issuing loans to Pakistan's current government, are criticized as prioritizing personal power over national interest. Despite Pakistan's dire economic situation, needing at least $6 billion to avoid bankruptcy, Khan is accused of exploiting national issues for political gain. The country's debt-to-GDP ratio has surpassed 70%, with high interest payments. Analysts emphasize the urgency of entering another IMF program due to low foreign exchange reserves and upcoming debt repayments. Khan's desire for power is questioned, and the need for political leaders to prioritize Pakistan's improvement over personal gain is highlighted.

The article recounts the heroic mission of the Pakistan Navy's submarine PNS/M Ghazi during the 1971 war, highlighting the bravery and strategic efforts of its crew. Despite the risks and the eventual loss of the submarine due to an internal explosion, the mission's significance and the crew's valor are emphasized. The article calls for national recognition of the crew's sacrifice, recommending posthumous awards to honor their bravery.

The study focuses on the green synthesis of amylose–lipid nanocomposite materials (ALN) using high-speed homogenization. The research highlights the distinctive physicochemical features of ALN, including its low glycemic index and high resistance starch values. The study also explores the formulation of ALN into hydrogels, examining their rheological properties, viscoelastic behavior, and anthocyanin absorption capacity. The findings suggest that ALN-based hydrogels have promising applications in medicine administration, food packaging, and other industrial purposes. The research emphasizes the environmental benefits and efficiency of the green synthesis method compared to traditional techniques.

Pakistan faces significant challenges in taxation and economic development, with a Tax to GDP ratio around 10%, indicating a critical shortfall in tax revenue. Tax evasion, inefficient tax systems, and unfair practices have persisted since the 1960s, exacerbated by the role of audit firms and financial advisors in facilitating tax avoidance for corporations. The Federal Government generates 95% of tax revenue, with only 5% for provincial governments. Tax exemptions have led to a loss of over PKR 1.7 trillion in the previous year. Recommendations to improve tax collection include establishing accountability for financial advisors, amending the Trust Act, discouraging cash transactions, clarifying legal systems, regulating accountancy firms, and penalizing tax evaders.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to significantly impact society by improving lives while raising concerns about human identity, productivity, and free will. AI's current state involves machines performing tasks associated with human intelligence, but the future of superintelligence remains uncertain. AI has already altered the labor market, creating new job opportunities while displacing others. Despite misconceptions, AI still requires human input for decision-making. The ultimate goal of AI is to achieve general intelligence akin to humans, with applications in healthcare, finance, and transportation. However, ethical concerns such as job displacement, bias, and privacy must be addressed as AI technologies advance.

AI-generated art is gaining popularity and can be used commercially with some considerations. Key points include understanding copyright and licensing, ensuring originality, and choosing the right AI art platform. Free platforms may have limitations on commercial use and image quality. AI art can be used for book covers and sold on various marketplaces like stock photo platforms and print-on-demand services. The legal landscape around AI art is evolving, and consulting a lawyer is recommended. The future of AI art in commercial use looks promising with increased adoption and technological advancements.

The article explores the ethical implications of the phrase 'The end justifies the means,' particularly in the context of foreign policy. It discusses historical examples where powerful nations, including the United States, have employed controversial methods to achieve strategic goals, such as during World War II, the Cold War, and the War on Terror. The text highlights the debate between pragmatic realpolitik and ethical considerations, emphasizing the potential for abuse and unintended consequences when moral standards are compromised. It calls for a balanced approach that respects human rights and ethical values while pursuing national interests.