Turkey and Syria, once close allies, have seen their relationship deteriorate since the 2011 Arab uprisings. Turkish President Erdoğan has expressed openness to talks with Syrian President Assad, albeit with conditions. Despite defense ministry-level meetings, significant progress in normalization has not been achieved, largely due to conflicting objectives and expectations. Both countries view Kurdish-led groups in northern Syria as threats, which could potentially lead to cooperation. The US's support for the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and pressure from Russia are influencing factors in the reconciliation efforts. Disagreements persist, particularly regarding Turkey's military presence in Syria and support for the Syrian National Army. The normalization process is seen as gradual, with the need for realistic expectations and a focus on common security threats.

LGBTQ refugees in Turkey face significant challenges due to social stigma, family rejection, and rising anti-refugee sentiment. Despite same-sex relationships not being criminalized, LGBTQ individuals are often viewed negatively by society and law enforcement. The article highlights the intertwined struggles of Middle Eastern LGBTQ refugees in Turkey, emphasizing the dangerous consequences of these hardships.

Tensions between the Iraqi central government and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) continue, with various countries, including the US, calling for dialogue. Internal political conflicts within the KRG have also intensified, with opposition figures criticizing the timing of the independence referendum and calling for the resignation of KRG President Mesud Barzani. Accusations have been made against Bafel Talabani for allegedly collaborating with Hashd al-Shaabi, which he denies. The role of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani and Iran's influence in the region are also discussed. The Iraqi army's movements towards Kirkuk and the implications for the upcoming elections are highlighted, with the US maintaining a cautious stance on the situation.

The western Syrian city of Homs, heavily damaged by civil war and Islamic State occupation, is gradually recovering from its devastated state.

The city of Homs in western Syria, devastated by civil war and Islamic State occupation, is slowly recovering. A recent truce in the Waer district, brokered by the United Nations, has led to a partial withdrawal of rebel fighters and a return to regime control. Residents are cautiously optimistic, resuming daily activities and receiving humanitarian aid. However, concerns remain about the complete withdrawal of opposition fighters. Human rights activists accuse the Syrian government of using sieges to pressure civilians. The cease-fire is part of a broader U.N. plan for a nationwide truce.

Syrians, despite the ongoing civil war, are attempting to celebrate the holiday season with joy and hope. In Damascus, particularly in the Bab Tuma neighborhood, people are expressing a longing for stability and the return of peaceful celebrations. The Army of Islam, an Islamist rebel group, poses a threat to these celebrations, having occasionally fired mortars into government-held areas. Security measures are in place for the modest street parades and celebrations, which are also occurring in other cities like Homs, Latakia, and Qamishi. The festivities are expected to continue into the New Year, especially for followers of the Eastern Orthodox Church, who celebrate Christmas on January 7.

The Yarmuk camp in Damascus, once home to over 200,000 Palestinian refugees, has been severely affected by the Syrian conflict, with its population dwindling to 18,000 due to ongoing clashes and a blockade by the Syrian army. The Nusra Front had previously taken control, but recent reports suggest ISIS is attempting to seize the camp, leading to further humanitarian crises. Allegations of cooperation between ISIS and the Nusra Front remain unconfirmed, while the Islamic Army has declared its intent to fight ISIS. The situation remains volatile, with residents facing dire shortages of food and water.