The study investigates the cognitive structures of 8th and 12th-grade students concerning acid-base chemistry using a word association test and free writing technique. It reveals that students' cognitive structures are mostly static with one-way associations, lacking bidirectional and cross-associations between related concepts. The research highlights the need for improved educational strategies to enhance students' understanding and integration of chemistry concepts.

Ahmet Türk discusses the challenges faced by the Kurdish movement in Turkey and the broader Middle East, highlighting the impact of the Turkish government's policies on Kurdish people. He criticizes the cancellation of Newroz celebrations in Iraqi Kurdistan and the lack of resistance from the Kurdistan Democratic Party against Turkey's actions in Afrin. Türk emphasizes the need for dialogue and international mediation to resolve the Kurdish issue and warns against the rise of nationalism. He also reflects on the uncertain future of Kurdish politics under Turkish government censorship and the importance of Kurdish unity.

In Diyarbakır, conservative Kurdish voters are deliberating their choices for the June 24 elections. The AK Parti's alliance with the MHP and its security-focused policies since the resolution process are expected to lead to a loss of votes among conservative Kurds. The Saadet Partisi, with its long-standing presence and Islamic values, is seen as a potential beneficiary of this shift. The HDP is trying to appeal to conservative voters by selecting candidates from the Turkish left, while Hüda Par, not part of any alliance, maintains an independent stance. Media bias and the 10% electoral threshold are criticized by candidates like Fesih Bozan. Sociologist Cuma Çiçek provides insights into the political dynamics, suggesting that the AK Parti's crisis is benefiting Saadet Partisi and that HDP's strategy reflects a pluralistic approach to Kurdish and religious identities.

The article tells the story of Naif Pamuk, a resident of the Sur district in Diyarbakır, Turkey, who developed a heroin addiction following the siege of his neighborhood by the Turkish army in response to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) declaring the area autonomous in December 2015. The conflict led to his friends leaving the area, but Pamuk stayed, grieving his brother's death. During this time, he was introduced to heroin by Syrians who had moved into the area. The article also mentions the desperation of a mother seeking help for her son's addiction, highlighting the broader social impact of the conflict on drug abuse in the region.

The article discusses the legal charges against Selahattin Demirtaş, a former member of the Turkish parliament, whose immunity was stripped, allowing for his prosecution. The evidence against him includes his public speeches and intercepted communications suggesting a link to the Democratic Society Congress (DTK), which the prosecutor claims is connected to the PKK. Despite the charges being related to terror group membership, Demirtaş faces trials for his political activities and leadership of the DTK. Human Rights Watch Turkey Director Emma Sinclair-Webb criticizes the indictment, stating that holding Demirtaş responsible for deaths following the Kobani protests is disproportionate. The article also mentions a display of solidarity through the traditional halay folk dance performed outside the courthouse, observed by police and foreign journalists barred from entering the courtroom.

The article discusses Turkey's military offensive against the Kurdish-held Syrian enclave of Afrin, which began on January 20. The operation aims to remove the Kurdish militia YPG, which Turkey associates with the PKK. Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat, a former ally of President Erdoğan and a founding member of the ruling AKP, compares the situation to the U.S. experience in Vietnam, suggesting that Turkey may face significant resistance. Fırat criticizes Erdoğan's authoritarianism and the AKP's departure from its original values, and he expresses concern over the growing nationalism and security fears being used to garner votes for the AKP. He also speaks about the Kurdish movement's internal divisions and the influence of the PKK. Fırat calls for a more democratic and wise approach to Kurdish politics, free from external intervention by groups like the PKK.

Fahruddin, an Iraqi-Kurdish gangmaster, orchestrates a multi-million-pound people-smuggling operation, bringing around 5,000 migrants annually into Britain from northern France. Despite government claims of tougher immigration controls, Fahruddin's activities highlight the ongoing issue of illegal immigration. The operation involves complex logistics, including payments through intermediaries in North London and sophisticated methods to evade border checks. The article underscores the inefficacy of current immigration policies and the lucrative nature of people-smuggling networks.