Nayib Bukele has defied El Salvador's constitutional prohibition on a second presidential term, winning over 83% of the vote in the recent election. His party, Nuevas Ideas, is set to secure 58 of the 60 seats in the unicameral legislative assembly. Traditional parties, the conservative Alleanza Repubblicana Nazionalista (Arena) and the leftist Fronte Farabundo Martí per la Liberazione Nazionale (Fmln), failed to surpass 10% of the vote, marking a significant shift in the country's political landscape.

Representatives of the International Monetary Fund and Argentina's far-right government, led by Javier Milei, met to renegotiate the terms of a $45 billion debt. Milei's administration has approved a stringent economic plan to eliminate the deficit, including cuts to public sector wages and pensions, elimination of energy subsidies, and deregulation of the currency market. These measures have led to significant price increases and public protests. The General Confederation of Labor achieved a legal victory against labor reforms, and Milei's legislative efforts are facing resistance. The IMF is concerned about the lack of popular support for these austerity measures.

Argentina faces a highly polarized election with candidates Javier Milei and Sergio Massa. Milei, an extreme right-wing economist, has garnered significant attention and controversy with his radical proposals and aggressive rhetoric. Massa, the current Minister of Economy, is criticized for his economic management and is seen as part of the traditional political establishment. The election is marked by intense public reactions, historical references, and a significant number of undecided voters, making the outcome highly uncertain.

In Buenos Aires, the electoral campaign leading up to the runoff is highly charged, with extreme right-wing candidate Javier Milei facing off against current Economy Minister Sergio Massa. Milei, known for his radical economic proposals and controversial statements, has garnered significant attention and support, particularly among the youth. The country is grappling with severe economic issues, including high inflation and poverty, which have fueled political polarization. The election is expected to be extremely close, with a significant portion of the electorate still undecided. The campaign has seen strong reactions from various groups, including the Madres de Plaza de Mayo, who oppose Milei's candidacy.

The Colombian Finance Minister, Ricardo Bonilla, has reiterated the government's call for the central bank, Banco de la República, to cut interest rates by 75 basis points. This move is aimed at stimulating economic growth amid current financial conditions.

Chinese President Xi Jinping's visit to Saudi Arabia marks a significant step in strengthening bilateral relations, with strategic agreements and partnerships being formed. The ongoing war in Ukraine sees continued Russian attacks on critical infrastructure, leading to severe energy crises. In Peru, President Pedro Castillo is deposed following a failed self-coup, highlighting the country's political instability. West African leaders agree to establish a regional peacekeeping force to combat jihadism and restore constitutional order, reflecting the region's ongoing security challenges.

The article covers several major international issues: the intensifying Israel-Palestine conflict with new internal dynamics, the Biden administration's controversial handling of the US-Mexico border wall, and Argentine President Alberto Fernández's European tour to seek support for debt negotiations with the IMF. It also highlights recent tensions between Turkey and Italy, and China's demographic challenges. Key developments include Israel's internal strife, Biden's cautious approach to the border wall, Fernández's diplomatic efforts gaining European support, and China's efforts to reverse its declining birth rate.

The article covers significant global events of the week, including the UK's Brexit developments, the weakening of the WTO due to Trump's policies, and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine with small but encouraging signs towards resolution. It also discusses Turkey's strategic moves in the Mediterranean and the new Argentine president Alberto Fernández's economic policies aimed at addressing inflation, recession, and debt. Key figures such as Nicola Sturgeon, Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, and Alberto Fernández are highlighted for their roles in these events.

The article covers five significant geopolitical events: the inauguration of Alberto Fernández as President of Argentina, the U.S. Army's investment in rare earth processing plants, the birthday message from Chechen President Ramazan Kadirov to former Armenian security chief Artur Vanetsyan, Japan's record defense budget request, and new U.S. sanctions on Myanmar's military leaders. Key points include Argentina's economic challenges and international relations, the U.S. response to China's rare earth monopoly, the complex political dynamics in Armenia and Chechnya, Japan's strategic defense moves, and the international legal actions against Myanmar for the Rohingya crisis.

The IX Summit of the Americas in Los Angeles highlighted the Biden administration's shortcomings in hemispheric policy. Latin American countries challenge Washington's hegemonic aspirations but lack an alternative plan. Established in 1994 by then-President Bill Clinton, the Summit has historically served to strengthen US policy in the continent and gauge Latin American support for US initiatives. Until 2001, the summits reinforced the alignment of southern governments with the US strategy of 'Engagement and Enlargement,' aimed at promoting liberal values and free trade in the post-Cold War international system.