Egypt's goal to become a regional gas hub is at risk as LNG exports to Europe ceased in June amid domestic power shortages and a severe debt crisis. The country's only major gas field, Zohr, has seen decreased output, and despite high gas prices due to the Ukraine war, Egypt's gas production hit a three-year low. The government reversed a decision to stop importing diesel and fuel oil, and technical issues have been denied as a cause for the production drop. Investments from BP and Eni may stabilize production, but infrastructure upgrades and regional cooperation are needed for Egypt to maintain its export ambitions.

The article discusses Egypt's privatisation efforts as it sells state assets to meet conditions of a $3bn loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In February, Egypt put 32 state-owned companies up for sale, and recently sold $1.9bn worth of assets, including stakes in various companies to the Abu Dhabi Development Fund and Egyptian entities. The IMF has welcomed the sales but postponed a review due to insufficient progress in economic reforms, including privatisation and a free-floating currency. Egypt's economy is suffering from high inflation, a hard currency shortage, and a significant debt burden. Analysts point to structural weaknesses in the economy, such as low private investment and export rates, and the expansion of military-affiliated companies. The IMF advocates for a free-floating exchange rate to address these issues, but critics question the effectiveness of this policy. The article also touches on fears of hyperinflation and the possibility of Egypt defaulting on its debt.

Egypt is facing a severe economic crisis characterized by high inflation, a lack of foreign currency, and stalled goods in ports. The crisis was exacerbated by the war in Ukraine, leading to a significant outflow of foreign investment. Under President Sisi, Egypt's national debt has increased significantly, partly due to large-scale projects. Despite previous financial aid from the IMF and Gulf countries, Egypt struggles to attract private investment due to competition with military-owned businesses and economic restrictions. The IMF has urged Egypt to sell state and military-owned enterprises to liberalize the economy, but negotiations with Gulf investors are challenging. The potential for instability in Egypt, a key regional player, raises concerns about migration and geopolitical stability.

The article explores the life and work of Egyptian writer Waguih Ghali, focusing on his novel 'Bier in de snookerclub' and its impact on Egyptian and international readers. The novel, set in 1950s Cairo and London, delves into themes of political disillusionment and personal struggle. Ghali's work gained popularity in Egypt post-2011 revolution, resonating with the youth's sentiments. The article also touches on Ghali's personal life, his struggles with depression, and his tragic end. Key figures like Zeinab Magdy and Mohamed Addakhakhny provide insights into Ghali's influence and legacy.

The article discusses the high rate of youth unemployment in Egypt, particularly among those aged 15-24, and the resulting trend of migration in search of better job opportunities. The author highlights the challenges faced by young Egyptians, including the quality of education, the lack of opportunities in the labor market, and the difficulty in obtaining visas for study or work abroad. The article also touches on the government's efforts to address these issues, such as the Knowledge Bank and President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi's initiatives for youth. Additionally, the article covers the rise in applications for European visas and the dangers of irregular migration across the Mediterranean, as well as the International Organization for Migration's stance on the need for better education and opportunities to prevent irregular migration.

Egypt is grappling with a severe economic crisis marked by over 20% inflation and a significant devaluation of the Egyptian pound. The crisis has led to empty supermarket shelves and skyrocketing prices for basic goods. President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi attributes the economic woes to the Ukraine war and the COVID-19 pandemic, but analysts argue that Egypt's economic model, reliant on short-term bonds and loan-financed mega-projects, is unsustainable. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has provided a $3 billion loan with conditions including currency flexibility and privatization of state enterprises. However, there is skepticism about whether these reforms will be effective, as previous IMF-mandated reforms have not improved the situation. The article highlights the tension between the need for economic reform and the political stability provided by Sisi's mega-projects.

The article discusses the economic challenges facing Egypt, including a significant devaluation of the national currency, high inflation, and scarcity of basic goods. The government's agreement with the IMF to adopt a flexible exchange rate, privatize state-owned enterprises, and reduce public investment is highlighted as a response to the crisis. However, analysts are skeptical about the effectiveness of these measures, pointing to structural problems in the economy and the unsustainable nature of the economic model. The article also touches on the role of the military in the economy and the potential conflict between the government's actions and the IMF's conditions, particularly regarding the continuation of megaprojects. The IMF's leverage and the potential consequences of not adhering to the reform plan are questioned, with some analysts expressing doubt about the IMF's ability to enforce its conditions and the overall success of the reform program.

Mahienour El-Massry, a political activist and human rights lawyer, recounts her harrowing experiences in Egyptian prisons, highlighting the severe conditions and human rights abuses. The article discusses the broader context of Egypt's prison system, including the recent release of political prisoners and the introduction of a new National Human Rights Strategy. Despite these efforts, organizations like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch criticize the superficial nature of these reforms. The piece also sheds light on the systemic issues within women's prisons, where inmates face harsh conditions, inadequate medical care, and a patronage system that mirrors societal inequalities.

Alexandria faces significant risks from rising sea levels, yet climate change awareness is low among its residents, overshadowed by Egypt's economic crisis. While some, like bank employee Tasneem Nasser, express concern about the city's future, others remain indifferent. Experts like Abbas Shakary and Dina Zayed highlight the city's vulnerability due to poor infrastructure and rapid urban expansion. The Kustbeschermingsautoriteit is implementing coastal defenses, and the climate conference in Sharm el-Sheikh is seen as a potential catalyst for greater awareness and action.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has raised concerns about Egypt's bread supply, as the country heavily relies on grain imports from Russia and Ukraine. The Egyptian government is seeking alternative grain sources, such as Romania, Bulgaria, France, and the US, but these are more expensive. The situation is sensitive due to the importance of subsidized bread in Egypt, which is a staple for the population. President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi faces pressure to restructure bread subsidies, a move that could lead to social unrest, reminiscent of the 'bread riots' during Anwar El-Sadat's presidency. The economic strain is compounded by rising grain prices and Egypt's existing financial commitments.